《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(12): 2152-2156

苹果茎尖培养快繁体系的优化

谢璇, 许轲, 谢闽新, 朱元娣^*

中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院果树系, 北京100193

通信作者：朱元娣；E-mail: zhuyd@cau.edu.cn；Tel: 010-62733995

摘　要：

为提高苹果苗木繁殖速度及苗木品质, 本文以‘红富士’苹果组培苗为试材, 探索苹果茎尖启动培养过程中黑暗培养对不定芽再生、生根诱导培养过程中IBA和蔗糖浓度对不定根发生及不同炼苗方式对组培苗移栽成活的影响, 优化了苹果茎尖培养的快繁体系。结果表明, 茎尖启动培养中, 在培养基MS+6-BA 4.0 mg•L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg•L^-1+山梨醇20 g•L^-1+蔗糖10 g•L^-1上, 20 d暗培养后再转入不含NAA的MS培养基(其他成份同上)进行光照培养, 茎尖愈伤组织的诱导率和不定芽再生率较高, 优于黑暗培养40和60 d。培养基1/2 MS+IBA 1.00 mg•L^-1+蔗糖 20 g•L^-1适宜不定芽的诱导生根, 并且在低浓度IBA的生根培养基中, 蔗糖浓度的提高有利于苹果组培苗的不定根发生。炼苗的初始2周采用改良的霍格兰德半营养液覆膜水培炼苗, 后转入全营养液中敞口培养3周, 再移栽至营养钵中, 组培苗移栽成活率可达到75%, 优于常规的苹果组培苗炼苗处理。

关键词：苹果; 茎尖培养; 不定根诱导; 水培炼苗; 组培快繁

收稿：2015-08-27   修定：2015-12-08

资助：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-30)。

Optimization of Rapid Micropropagation System of Apple Meristem-Tip Culture

XIE Xuan, XU Ke, XIE Min-Xin, ZHU Yuan-Di^*

College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijng 100193, China

Corresponding author: ZHU Yuan-Di; E-mail: zhuyd@cau.edu.cn; Tel: 010-62733995

Abstract:

To speed up the propagation and improve the quality of apple nursery plants, a system of apple meristem-tip culture was optimized. In this study, ‘Red Fuji’ plantlets were used to explore appropriate incubating time in darkness for generating adventitious shoots during the initiation of meristem-tip cultures, concentrations of sucrose and IBA for inducing adventitious roots and acclimating plantlets. The results showed that the rates of callus induction and regeneration of adventitious shoots were relatively high, respectively, when meristem-tip explants were cultured in 20 days of darkness on the MS medium supplying with 6-BA 4.0 mg•L^-1, NAA 0.5 mg•L^-1, sorbitol 20 g•L^-1 and the following lighting on NAA free MS medium. Twenty-days culture in darkness was more suitable for initiation of apple meristem tips than 40-days and 60-days darkness. The 1/2 MS medium supplementing with IBA 1.0 mg•L^-1 was suitable for inducing rooting. Higher concentration of sucrose, combined with low concentration of IBA led to better rooting of apple plantlets. The survival rate of apple plantlets reached 75% after the hydroponic acclimation, by which apple plantlets were sealed in bottles and cultured in semi-nutrient Hoagland solution for the first two weeks, and then unsealed in total nutrient Hoagland solution for three weeks before transplanting to pots. This hydroponic method was superior to the usual acclimating method for the survival of plantlets.

Key words: Malus×domestica; meristem-tip culture; adventitious root induction; hydroponic acclimation; in vitro rapid propagation